The Institute of Physics Belgrade is a scientific institution whose programme includes the following research fields: theoretical physics, physics of elementary particles, subatomic particle physics, solid state physics, physics of plasma and lasers, оptics, nuclear physics, metrology and human environment protection.

Scientific research of the Institute is organised within four centres: Center for complex systems, Center for non-equilibrium processes, Center for solid state and new materials and Center for photonics. There are also four laboratories: in high-energy physics, atomic physics, nuclear physics, and environmental physics.

Activities related to technology transfer, metrology and certification, and various forms of sponsored research are conducted throughout IPB. Commercialization, on the other hand, is principally conducted through a host of IPB spin-off companies. The two largest ones are SENZOR-INFIZ (applications of optical sensors and laser ranging) and MTT-INFIZ (application of microwave technology to radar systems).